
The history of the pneumatic tyre began one day in 1888 when Scotsman John Boyd Dunlop came up with the idea of wrapping a rubber tube inflated with air round the rims of the wheels on his son’s tricycle. And thus was the “light” rubber tyre born – an invention created for the purposes of a child’s play that was to revolutionize transport and lay the foundations of a major manufacturing company.
Since that time, Dunlop has continued to write some of the greatest pages in the history of the tyre. This is a look back at more then 120 years of innovation
John Boyd Dunlop invents the “pneumatic tyre”.
install flash to see the videoIn 1889, Dunlop tyres made their racing debut with a little-known bicycle rider called Willie Hume.
The story goes that onlookers at the race did not mince their words, calling Hume’s tyres “sausages”. Nevertheless, Hume went on to win four races with ease, totally untroubled by much better-known riders who were racing on solid tyres.
News of these victories made the headlines and the announcement of Dunlop’s patent – lodged some time previously on 31st October 1888 – was covered in detail round the world.
In November 1889, “The Pneumatic Tyre and Booth’s Cycle Agency Limited” was established in Dublin. J.B. Dunlop became one of the shareholders and granted the company operating rights for his invention.
Willie Hume wins four races on his bicycle fitted with Dunlop tyres. These are Dunlop’s first racing victories. It is also the beginning of the success story of the pneumatic tyre.
install flash to see the videoIn 1922, the company introduced a rod tyre on a rim that could be removed, and this became standard two years later. Nonetheless, tests were carried out for a hollow base wheel fitted with a rod tyre.
By the end of the decade, this type of wheel had been adopted by all of the manufacturers as tyres gained steadily in strength, lightness and ease of handling. Improving ride comfort and resistance to wear were the main challenges during this the period.
Here again, the answers came in successive stages. The option to broaden wheel rims had the effect of distributing the overall load better.
From 7 kg/cm2 at the beginning of the century, tyre pressures had fallen to 5 kg/cm2 by the beginning of the 1920s, falling to 1.7 kg/cm2 by 1948. Another groundbreaking step was taken when Dunlop adopted a fabric without a weft thread to replace the cross-thread canvas being used up until then. On bicycle tyres, the result was a tyre that lasted three times as long.
First Dunlop tyre with steel rods and canvas casing. This tyre has a service life three times longer than other tyres used up until then, making it the yardstick against which all other tyres are measured.
install flash to see the videoAt the time, all manufacturers of cars and motorcycles looking to win races came knocking at Dunlop’s door. The company’s first Grand Prix victory dates back to 1923, with Henry Segrave’s Sunbeam, while it notched up its first win at the 24 Hours of Le Mans the following year, with John Duff and Frank Clement at the wheel of a Bentley.
The company’s first Grand Prix victory dates back to 1923, with Henry Segrave’s Sunbeam
install flash to see the videoOn February 4th, Malcolm Campbell, with his Campbell Napier Blue Bird, sets the seep record in 281.44 k.p.h, the last record set in Europe.
The same yearon 29th of March, Henry Segrave with is Sunbeam 'Slug' sets the speed record at 327.98 k.p.h.
Malcolm Campbell, speed record 281.44 k.p.h (Pendine Sands, Wales) and Henry Segrave, speed record 327.98 k.p.h (Daytona USA)
install flash to see the videoJust some years after, on September 3rd 1935, Malcom Campbell with his Campbell Rolls-Royce Railton Blue Bird, sets a new speed record of 484.818 km/h.
Malcom Campbell, speed record 484,818 km/h (USA)
install flash to see the videoDunlop introduces a tubeless tyre with a liquid rubber self-sealing layer on the inner surface casing.
This coating prevented loss of air in case of tyre damage.
By 1954, when further development rendered the sealant layer unnecessary, it was estimated that the number of punctures causing road delays had been reduced from one in 16,000 miles with tubed tyres, to one in 80,000 miles on tubeless ones.
Dunlop launches a tyre featuring a self-sealing layer, to prevent further air leaks in the event of a puncture.
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Jaguar, the first racing car fitted with Dunlop disc brakes.
install flash to see the videoDunlop provides the aviation industry with the first anti-block braking device, called “Maxaret”.
This device resolve the tricky problem of aircraft wheels locking when landing on wet runways.
This system was fitted for the first time on a car in 1965 (Jensen FF 1965).
Dunlop provides the aviation industry with the first anti-block braking device, called “Maxaret”.
install flash to see the videoDunlop was the first tyre-maker to highlight and investigate aquaplaning, which had remained unexplained up until that time.
Using an experimental device that made it possible to recreate the conditions of driving at high speed on a sheet of wet glass, the Dunlop research labs succeeded in actually filming the grip coefficient of the tyre being tested.
Analysis of these results were used to develop an entirely new type of tyre. In 1964, Dunlop’s director of tyre development, Tom French, took out a patent on a new tread design that was a breakthrough in the industry.
The new tread featured multiple micro-channels that were capable of acting like a sponge on the water accumulating underneath the tyre in quantities that were too large for standard treads to cope with, before literally emptying the water away and driving it out from under the tyre.
The innovative feature, combined with a network of grooves across the whole circumference of the tread and a rigid tyre structure, revolutionised the performance of tyres in terms of their ability to grip the road on wet surfaces
The Dunlop technical team examines an unexplained phenomenon that has dramatic consequences: tyres losing grip at high speed on wet road surfaces.
install flash to see the video1970 saw the beginning of the age of radial tyres, with a metal carcass of belt.
“Steelbelted” was the catch-cry, resulting in significant progress in terms of stability, braking, driving comfort and rolling quietness.
1970 saw the beginning of the age of radial tyres, with a metal carcass of belt.
install flash to see the videoDunlop introduces DENOVO the first “run-flat” wheel/tyre system, making it possible to drive 150 km at 80 km/h with a flat tyre.
This is the first “total mobility” system available to the automotive industry, mass-produced and fitted to a large number of vehicles (Rover, Peugeot, Fiat, Mini, etc.).
Legislation is changed to allow it to be used on the road, and by 1973 it was OE fitment on the Mini 1275GT.
Dunlop introduces DENOVO the first ‘fail-safe’ wheel/tyre system
install flash to see the videoDunlop introduces the DENLOC bead locking system as an integral part of the DENOVO 2 system.
This new system Dunlop launches DENLOC a process for fitting beads to the tyre to prevent the tyre coming off the rim in the event of driving with a flat tyre.
Dunlop introduces the DENLOC bead locking system as an integral part of the DENOVO 2 system.
install flash to see the videoDunlop presents the first ultralight construction belt tyre, reducing the vehicle weight by about 12 kg.
Development of the Instant Mobility System (IMS) as a substitute for the spare wheel - in case of a puncture a latex compound is injected into the tyre sealing it.
First ultra-light tyre, reducing the weight of the vehicle by approximately 12 kg.
install flash to see the videoThe heritage of the Denovo concept continues today with Dunlop tyres fitted with systems such as DSST (Dunlop Self-Supporting Tyre) and RunOnFlat.
This latter major invention was introduced in 1988 and makes it possible to continue driving with a flat tyre for as far as 80 km, at maximum speeds of up to 80 km/h, without destroying the tyre
– even with no tyre pressure at all. The tyre structure, with its self-supporting walls, prevents the tyre from being crushed flat and coming off the wheel rim. The main benefits of RunOnFlat technology, which has been patented by Dunlop and approved for used with many car manufacturers, can be summarised in five points:
– It provides peace of mind, to drivers and passengers alike.
– It allows for greater control of the vehicle if there is a sudden loss of tyre pressure, while, maintaining total driving stability after a puncture has occurred. The tyre cannot come off the rim, regardless of the state of the road.
– It provide sufficient “get-home” range, even with zero tyre pressure, so that the tyre can be repaired in total safety. This technology means you do not have to fit the spare wheel
where the puncture occurs, especially if road conditions are not safe, or because the weather is bad.
- There is no need for special tyre-fitting equipment and it can be adapted to all standard models of wheel design.
– It reduces weight and adds extra space because you no longer need to carry a spare wheel.
Dunlop develops the DSST system, enable the vehicle to drive on flat tyres.
install flash to see the videoThe tyre monitoring system WARNAIR is introduced.
It quickly detects air pressure loss and indicates this to the driver either by an audible or visual warning.
Dunlop introduces “Warnair”, the first tyre pressure loss detection system with sensors incorporated into the tyre.
install flash to see the video3S Technology
With the innovative asymmetrical tri-area tread Dunlop introduced a new multi-talented technology in the high performance car tire market. The 3Stechnology is at the heart of tyres designed to equally combine three features - Silent running, Sportiness, and Safety. With the 3S-technology Dunlop again demonstrates legendary technical know-how by combining tire parameters, characteristics and behaviour which traditionally are not compatible.
The 3S-technology optimizes each tread zone based on specific high levels of performance achievements. Improving the aquaplaning resistance of a tire often corresponds to loss of performance in noise and handling. However, through optimized adjustment between the newly designed central rail system, new arrangement of outside shoulder blocks (Asymmetric Transfer variation) linked with a new closed shoulder, and the use of hydro-paddles on the inside shoulder, the 3S-technology deflects water like a turbine and without rotation, reducing noise emission and ensuring efficient transmission of lateral forces to guarantee excellent driving stability and handling. It brings a new technological standard and reference to the tire industry.
Dunlop introduces 3S technology, an innovative system based on an asymmetric tread design in three zones that combines silent running, sportiness and safety.
install flash to see the videoCombining a number of sophisticated tire technologies, Dunlop’s Touch Technology, allows you to get the most of your driving experience.
Using technical features as Multi Radius Tread Technology (MRT) in combinations with a flatter tread profile, an asymmetrical tread design with a variable land to sea ratio and a specific bead seat system, Dunlop tires with Touch Technology enable drivers to get an improved handling performance and steering precision.
“Touch Technology” a unique character of Dunlop tyres, encapsulating all of the technologies developed by Dunlop to give drivers a better “feel” of the road, while at the same time improving reaction times.
install flash to see the video"The introduction in 2008 of DuPont™ Kevlar® Engineered Elastomer (EE) in the apex of the tyre represents a major innovation in tyre technology.
The latest Dunlop SP Sport Maxx TT is the finest example of this. Kevlar® EE is an engineered pre-dispersion of para-aramid fibers that is highly resistant to processing, ageing and changing temperature.
Adding Kevlar® EE to the apex compound – that’s the part between the sidewall and the bead of the tyre – stiffens sidewall, which is therefore more resistant to torsion and compression, and greatly improves the dynamic behavior, in particular at high temperatures.
These features lead to increased stability during cornering, as well as enhanced road feedback and more precise driving."
Kevlar® EE, one of the most revolutionary synthetic fibers in the world, is introduced in the apex of the latest Dunlop tyre, the SP Sport Maxx TT.
install flash to see the videoFirst victory in the Tourist Trophy (C.S. Rolls, Rolls Royce)
install flash to see the videoOriginally the TT regulations focused on fuel economy ( one gallon to cover 89.5 miles for a single cylinder machine) with bikes required to have exhaust, mudguards, and run on 2 inch wide tyres.
install flash to see the videoFirst Grand Prix victory (Henry Segrave, Sunbeam)
install flash to see the videoFirst victory in the 24 hours of Le Mans (John Duff/ Frank Clement, Bentley)
install flash to see the videoOn February 4th, Malcolm Campbell, with his Campbell Napier Blue Bird, sets the speed record in 281.44 km/h, the last record set in Europe.
The same year on 29th of March, Henry Segrave with his Sunbeam 'Slug' sets the speed record at 327.98 km/h.
Malcolm Campbell, speed record 281.44 km/h (Pendine Sands, Wales) and Henry Segrave, speed record 327.98 km/h (Daytona USA)
install flash to see the videoFourth consecutive victory in the 24 hours of Le Mans for Bentley and Dunlop
install flash to see the videoMalcolm Campbell raises the world land speed record to over 396km/h in Bluebird 1
install flash to see the videoThe Jaguar is the first racing car fitted with Dunlop disc brakes. Subsequently, all C and D type Jaguars are equipped with this major innovation. Won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1953, 1955, 1956 and 1957.
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Tenth victory in the 24 hours of Le Mans (Jean Pierre Wimille/ Robert Benoist, Bugatti)
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John Cobb raises the world land speed record to 630,7km/h in the Railton special. This record will stand until 1964.
install flash to see the videoDunlop wins 500cc World Championship with Les Graham (AJS)
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Jaguar and Dunlop begin their joint domination in the 24 hours of Le Mans. Victories in 1951, 1953, 1955, 1956 and 1957 with Jaguar C and D types,
install flash to see the videoDunlop wins 500cc World Championship with John Surtees (MV Augusta)
install flash to see the videoBeginnings of Dunlop's period of domination in Formula 1. Wins in Monaco (Maurice Trintignant, Cooper), Nürburgring and Monza (Tony Borrks, Vanwall), Sweden (Stirling Moss, Maserati)
install flash to see the videoFormula 1 World championship title for Jack Brabham (Cooper)
install flash to see the videoThe Brabham/Dunlop team wins again/ Pat Moss & Anne Wisdom win the hardest of all rallies (Liège-Rome-Liège) in their Austin Healey 3000 on Dunlop tyres, whilst Pat Moss's husband, Erik Carlsson wins the RAC rally for Saab.
install flash to see the videoFerrari wins at Le Mans 24 hours for the fourth consecutive year, bringing Dunlop's total to 23 wins. The BMC Mini wins its first Monte Carlo rally. Dunlop wins 500cc World Championship with Mike Hailwood (MV Augusta)
install flash to see the videoJim Clark (Lotus) takes his second Formula 1 World Championship title, giving Dunlop their seventh consecutive Formula 1 crown. Dunlop wins 500cc World Championship with Mike Hailwood (MV Augusta)
install flash to see the videoDunlop wins 500cc World Championship with Giacomo Agostini (MV Augusta)
install flash to see the videoDunlop wins 500cc World Championship with Giacomo Agostini (MV Augusta)
install flash to see the videoThe 16,000 km London-Sydney Marathon crosses Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India en route to Australia; all in 12 days. 70% of the 100 teams entered are on Dunlop. Victory goes to the Hillman Hunter of Andrew Cowan, Brian Coyle and Colin Malkin. Dunlop wins 500cc World Championship with Giacomo Agostini (MV Augusta)
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Jackie Steward (Matra) wins Dunlop's eight Formula 1 World Championship. Dunlop decides in 1970 to withdraw from Formula 1 to focus on rallies and racing in the Sports and Touring categories, where the major car manufacturers were concentrating their motorsport activities. Dunlop wins 500cc World Championship with Giacomo Agostini (MV Augusta)
install flash to see the videoPorsche celebrates 3 consecutive wins in the Monte Carlo Rally. Datsun wins its first East African Safari. Dunlop wins 500cc World Championship with Giacomo Agostini (MV Augusta)
install flash to see the videoDunlop wins 500cc World Championship with Giacomo Agostini (MV Augusta)
install flash to see the videoDunlop wins 500cc World Championship with Giacomo Agostini (MV Augusta)
install flash to see the videoDunlop wins 500cc World Championship with Phil Read (MV Augusta)
install flash to see the videoDunlop wins 500cc World Championship with Phil Read (MV Augusta)
install flash to see the videoDunlop wins 500cc World Championship with Giacomo Agostini (Yamaha)
install flash to see the videoVictories with Dunlop in 1977, 1979, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986 and 1987.
install flash to see the videoFord and Dunlop win the World Rally Championship, marking the culmination of nine years of a partnership during which they won the RAC rally for 7 years in a row.
install flash to see the videoVictory in the Paris-Dakar rally with Porsche 911 (Rene Metge/ Dominique Lemoyne), a feat they would repeat in 1986 with the Porsche 959. Dunlop wins 500cc World Championship with Eddie Lawson (Yamaha)
install flash to see the videoJaguar XJR8 brings Dunlop its sixth consecutive Wolrd Sportscar Championship.
install flash to see the videoDunlop celebrates its centenary. The 24 hours of Le Mans is the focal point for the global celebration, with Dunlop 1-2 result. The Jaguar XJR-9 just beating the Porsche 962C.
install flash to see the videoAudi and Dunlop start a long partnership, winning the DTM (Deutsche Touring Meisterschaft) in their first season. Repeat victory in 1991.
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First victory ( the only one to date) by a Japanese manufacturer for the rotary engined Mazda 787B driven by Johnny Herbert, Bertrand Gachot and Volker Wiedler. This brought Dunlop its 34th victory at the 24 Hours of Le Mans. Dunlop wins 500cc World Championship with Wayne Rainey (Yamaha)
install flash to see the videoThis association enables both companies to win the FIA’s Touring Car World Cup, as well as the championships in Australia, Belgium, Great Britain, Italy, France, Germany and Spain.
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Dunlop becomes the sole tyre supplier for 2000-2003, subsequently extended to 2009.
install flash to see the videoBentley returns to Le Mans after an absence of 71 years. The Dunlop shod EXP Speed 8 finishing third overall
install flash to see the videoDunlop becomes the sole supplier for the Australian V8 Supercars Championship for 2002-2004, subsequently extended to 2012.
install flash to see the videoDunlop is appointed the sole supplier for the British Touring Car Championship (BTCC) for 2003-2006, subsequently renewed to 2010.
install flash to see the videoDunlop win GT2 category in the Le Mans Series (LMS) with the Virgo Motorsport Ferrari 430 GT.
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The Ferrari 430GT now painted in Dunlop yellow.
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